Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 41
A Plant Manager's Guide for Water Treatment
A Special Report by MEAT&POULTRY, Nalco Company and the JohnsonDiversey Nalco Alliance
caused concern include the Georgia Environmental Protection Division reissuing its industrial storm water general
permit, which is used to regulate thousands of industrial sites, including meat
and poultry processors, across the state
this past August.
From the ground up
J. Patrick Boyle, president of the association. "The program requires companies to assess their own environmental
challenges and to develop unique solutions that will encourage continuous
improvement."
Companies like Alma Foods were
recognized for their pollution prevention efforts while Sun Land Beef, a
Smithfield Foods subsidiary, was recognized for its efforts to reduce energy,
recycle water and eliminate the use of
ground water.
"The steps taken by these plants demonstrate innovative strategies that have
produced measurable results in the environment," said Boyle. "They are a model
for the industry as a whole and have a
great application for other plants."
As the industry moves forward, companies are going to have to redouble
their efforts to manage water usage and
reduce wastewater production. As the
lawsuit between the state of Oklahoma
and 14 Arkansas-based poultry companies unfolds, it becomes clear how important waste and wastewater management is and will be for the industry. The
lawsuit involves the Oklahoma Attorney General's claim that poultry litter
applied to land around the Illinois River
watershed has polluted Oklahoma waterways and is the responsibility of the
poultry processors to clean up. Poultry
industry representatives dispute the accusation, noting the pollution is generated by a variety of sources.
Other regulatory initiatives that have
42
I
MEAT&POULTRY
I
December 2006
I
To achieve the level of recognition
companies like Tyson Foods have garnered for their environmental and wastewater management efforts, plant managers must have a firm understanding of
the content of their waste stream.
It is no secret that the cost of water
is increasing and staying in compliance with the Environmental Protection
Agency's many regulatory guidelines
will only ensure costs continue to rise.
Plant operators must continually audit
their operations to identify areas of improvement to ensure the greatest level
of cost efficiency.
Meat-processing wastewater typically has a high content of organic
material and consequently a high biochemical oxygen demand and chemical
oxygen demand due to the presence of
blood and fat. In addition, the wastewater may have a high content of nitrogen
(from blood) and phosphorus, in addition to pathogenic and non-pathogenic
bacteria. Detergents and disinfectants,
including acid, alkaline, and neutral
compounds and disinfectants may also
enter the wastewater stream after sanitation programs are conducted.
In order to control wastewater, managers must measure water flow throughout their facilities. Flow meters can
identify areas of water overuse by measuring wastewater volumes, and assist
operators in planning. In poultry plants,
for example, meters should be installed
in high water use areas such as, chillers, scalders, wash cabinets, evaporators and condensers.
Another source of waste comes from
leaving water running during breaks and
shutdown times. Managers should develop a water shut down checklist for all
areas of the facility to help reduce water
www.MEATPOULTRY.com
loss. Simple steps can be taken to reduce
loss during non-operating times.
Other recommended management
techniques to effectively control the
content of wastewater include:
* The removal of solid waste before it
enters the wastewater stream;
* The use floor drains and collection
channels with grids, screens, and/or
traps to reduce the amount of solids
entering the wastewater stream;
* Collect blood for use in other applications. Blood collection is the single
most efficient measure for wastewater,
because it has a high nitrogen content,
C.O.D., and B.O.D.;
* Stomach and intestine contents should
be removed and transported to collection points for further recycling;
* When possible, use clean in place procedures to reduce chemical, water and
energy consumption in cleaning operations, and;
* Choose cleaning agents that do not
have adverse impacts on the environment in general, on wastewater treatment unit processes, or on sludge
quality for agricultural application.
Clarifying the situation
Water clarification is the removal of
suspended materials from wastewater.
Dense particles can be removed by sedimentation, but problems occur when
dealing with less dense sedimentation,
such as clay and silts for example. Coagulation and flocculation are techniques that may be used to enhance the
process and treat wastewater.
Coagulation is a process where polymers are used to neutralize the negative
charges on particles, permitting them to
form larger particles that settle. The process is accomplished in three steps that
include the mixing of chemicals with
water to be treated; neutralization of the
particle surface charges and the forming
of the larger particles that settle.
Flocculation is the entrapment of particles into larger solids networks called
"floc." It causes an increase in the size
and density of particles and results in
them settling faster.
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Meat + Poultry - December 2006
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Meat + Poultry - December 2006
Contents
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 1
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 2
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 3
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - Contents
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 5
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 6
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 7
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 8
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 9
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 10
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 11
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 12
Meat + Poultry - December 2006 - 13
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