Meat + Poultry - July 2005 - 66

SUPPLY- CHAIN INFLUENCE

OPERATING THE

WAL-MART

Corporate Goliath or consumerfriendly retail outlet? Always low
prices, or always low wages? When it
comes to Wal-Mart, there seems to
be no middle ground. The world's
largest retailer, with $258 billion in
sales last year, also became America's
largest food retailer in 2002. Nearly
40 percent of the company's sales are
now grocery sales, and that means
Wal-Mart's influence - good or bad,
depending on your view - will have
a dramatic effect on how you raise
pigs, make cheese or process beef.

Wal-Mart entered the food business in
1988 when it introduced supercenters,
which feature full grocery lines. Almost
40 percent of Wal-Mart's sales are now
grocery sales.

4 FSI

FOOD SYSTEMS

ınsıder

JULY 2005

The Wal-Mart effect
A simple online news search for
Wal-Mart yields more than 15,000
articles - and that's just for one
month. Newspapers are saturated
with stories of Wal-Mart's economic
impact on communities, employee
wages and working conditions,
health care and expansion. But WalMart also sells $5.3 billion in fresh
meats each year, Ken Stettmeier,
head of Wal-Mart's fresh-meats
department, told a group of Kansas
cattlemen earlier this year. (Wal-Mart
declined to be interviewed.)
U.S. households now buy, on
average, 22 percent of their groceries
at Wal-Mart, according to Retail
Forward's February 2005 "Wal-Mart
Shopper Update," and 40 percent of
households are spending more of
their food budget at Wal-Mart versus
a year ago. Retail Forward also predicts Wal-Mart to control 35 percent
of food-store-industry sales by 2007.

With that kind of buying power,
Wal-Mart's influence on the foodsupply chain is undeniable.

Always low prices
How does Wal-Mart's low-price business model affect the rest of the
animal-protein food industry? Brian
Buhr, a professor in the department
of applied economics at the University
of Minnesota, believes the consumer
owes a debt of gratitude to Wal-Mart
for its everyday low pricing, which he
believes keeps inflation down.
"How often have you heard it
said that manufacturers just haven't
been able to pass on costs to consumers?" he asks. "Wal-Mart has put
a lot of pressure on manufacturers
and suppliers of all industries to
squeeze out supply-chain costs, and
all in all, that has been very good."
Conflict emerges in the foodsupply chain, however, because the
product cycle for meat is incrementally longer than most other manufacturing sectors. "To make a higherquality, cheaper pork chop takes
years of genetic and asset investments, not months like in clothes or
bicycles," Buhr says. "So, as Wal-Mart
places time into the product-development equation, it really becomes
difficult for agriculture to meet those
demands. It's the old saying: 'you can
have it cheap and fast or cheap and
good, but you can't have all three.'
Especially in fresh meats."
Vern Pierce, a beef economist
with the University of Missouri Com-



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